I mainly agree, but it could be substituted. Various biomolecules are being investigated as a replacement substrate for established (petro)chemical processes. Part of the issue is, that you need to defunctionalise the chemicals which is the opposite of what petrochemistry currently does (which is adding functional groups as needed, not removing them).

This research, however, is stifled by the cheap Price of oil. I know an anecdote of Nivea pulling their funding into a similar project because the price ber barrel recently fell. The project was supposed to last around 5 years.

Why would you pick a submarine for civil purposes? Just use a “normal” freighter and “slap” nuclear power on it.

(Ignoring the glaring issues from nuclear power on land that would be exacerbated at sea)

Certainly, they’re the shit, but the energy capacity you mentioned is a huge issue. As I said in my other comment it should/could/has to be done, but it’s anything but simple.

Still leagues ahead of biomass. Don’t get me wrong, this is an issue that can be solved. Biomass can be converted to biogas which can be purified to produce methane (or you just burn biogas directly) which then in turn can be used for heat (or other purposes) - the problem here is the sheer amount of energy this requires. Yes, significant portions of the steel industry can be “decarbonised” (or at least I think so) but the effort is immense. Doable, necessary, but it will be a huge piece of work.

Eh, purity is a thing. Biomass is the opposite of what you want there, but it could be doable. I do wager, however, that the largest “climate cost” of steel comes from the repeated melting of the steel.

Great answers already, I’d like to add a few things: Lithium batteries like to be charged at 1C, meaning that if they have a capacity of 1.6 Ah they like to be charged at 1.6 A and will (theoretically) be fully charged in one hour (this is wrong in practice though). You can charge most of them at a higher rate (e.g. at 3.2 A), but they should be rated for it. If you don’t better, stick to a lower amperage. Too low of an amperage should not be an issue but I’m not sure - it will take ages though.

The voltage has to fit! Batteries change their voltage over the course of charging/discharging. This is more pronounced in older NiMH or NiCdH (discard those) batteries but still relevant. A 12V charger can charge your batteries to 12V. Most chargers can handle different voltages and will usually select the correct voltage depending on the battery. This is important if you are charging LiIons or LiPos (two types of Lithium batteries), as overcharging them is NOT advised. They generally peak at around 4.2V per cell I think with a working charge (don’t know the term) of 3.7V per cell. Some chargers require you to select the number of cells. Charging a 2-cell LiPo with 12-13 volt is a bad idea I wager and charging a 3-cell LiPo with 9.something volt won’t work (it won’t drain it, but the minimal voltage is higher than what the charger provides - current would like to flow the other way if It could).

TL,DR: If you can adjust the charging parameters manually or you are doing something the manual states you shouldn’t be doing, educate yourself. If however you only plug in your phone (with a painfully small battery at 2 Ah) and only provide a 1.5A*5V=7.5W charger, you are perfectly fine.

It depends on the kind. There are groups that would prefer to see human presence reduced to a speck so nature can thrive. There are groups that somehow care for one single bog or meadow but fail to see the bigger picture. There are also those that simply want to protect everything and do support large projects provided they fulfill a lot of regulations. There are also people such as myself who have given themselves to Realpolitik: Local environmentalism is pointless if global protection fails (some drama added for effect)

Something to remember: thicker filaments, while they do last longer, worsen the ratio of light to heat.

To give a serious answer: As many as the story requires. The same thing goes for any ethnicity. If neither the story nor the character nor any of their dialog require it, not describing a character by their ethnicity is a valid (albeit somewhat harder) choice. This way, anyone can read and imagine the story with what they are familiar with. Now don’t get me wrong, you can absolutely assign every character a full set ranging from emotions and values to physical attributes and ethnicity - but you don’t necessarily have to state that “Jade” has dark/light skin. Simply describe the character on a different level. This is complicated, but beautiful if done with cultural identity: Someone from a community of turkish guest workers may have a very pragmatic and hands-on approach at their job but be somewhat hands-off in the household, until they have guests (Chosen from an arbitrary pov, this is not grounded in experience). If you wish to determine what ethnicity a character has, first ask yourself: is it important/does it influence them? If no, try to leave it out maybe? If yes or you absolutely want to know it, rolling dice is a valid option: Check the distribution in the chosen community and simply roll. From what I know many authors base characters, settings and scenes on some kind of real-life example, so naturally one might base the ethnicity on the same example.